出生缺陷监测进展

利用科学、合理的监测手段对出生缺陷进行长期、持续的动态观察,有助于及时获悉缺陷发病率和疾病顺位的变化趋势,分析原因,为制定出生缺陷防控策略措施提供科学依据。本文综述了国内外出生缺陷的监测模式、监测病种和监测期限的工作进展。     

Sinonasal tract pathology: an updated review of select entities

The sinonasal tract is host to numerous benign and malignant entities that can pose diagnostic challenges to pathologists as a result of limited exposure in daily practice. This review concentrates on certain key characteristics of select entities with focus on differential diagnosis, novel subtypes and/or molecular distinction. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge and shed light on diagnostically challenging and emerging entities in sinonasal tract pathology.     

低分子肝素治疗D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎的有效性分析

目的分析低分子肝素治疗D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎的有效性。方法选取我院2018年1～12月收治的64例D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按照数字盲选法将其均分为两组(n=32),对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予低分子肝素,对比两组治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组的血小板(PLT)、D-二聚体水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组的发热时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论将低分子肝素应用于D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎患儿的治疗中,可有效改善患儿体内的凝血系统功能,缩短病情恢复时间,提高治疗效果,促进其病情恢复。     

Anticoagulation Strategies in Patients With Cancer: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Patients with active cancer are at an increased risk of arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding events. Historically, in patients with cancer, low molecular weight heparins have been preferred for treatment of VTE, whereas warfarin has been the standard anticoagulant for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). More recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism in large randomized clinical trials of patients with VTE and AF, respectively, thus providing an attractive oral dosing option that does not require routine laboratory monitoring. In this review, we summarize available clinical trial data and guideline recommendations, and outline a practical approach to anticoagulation management of VTE and AF in cancer.     

Approaches to understanding and interpreting the risks of red blood cell transfusion in neonates

In this review, we explore how to assess potential harm related to neonatal transfusion practice. We consider different sources of information, including passive or active surveillance systems such as registries, observational studies, randomised trials and systematic reviews. Future research directions are discussed.     

非脑瘫早产儿早期全身运动质量评估结果与神经认知发育情况的关联性研究

目的 了解早期全身运动(GMs)评估结果为异常/可疑的非脑瘫早产儿与筛查正常的早产儿在婴幼儿期神经、认知等各方面整体发育水平的差异,以探索GMs评估与儿童轻微神经功能障碍的关系。方法 选取2009-2017年在上海市闵行区妇幼保健院扭动阶段或不安阶段至少进行过1次GMs评估的早产儿,于矫正后9、12、24月龄评估其智力指数(MI)、发育商(DQ)。结果 单因素分析显示,扭动阶段/不安阶段结果为异常/可疑的非脑瘫早产儿与正常结果相比,MI与DQ差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素分析显示,不安运动结果为异常/可疑与正常相比,发育异常结局的可能性大(9月龄:OR=3.075,95%CI:1.013~9.331;12月龄:OR=3.638,95%CI:1.552~8.527;24月龄:OR=2.750,95%CI:1.213~6.242);不安运动评估结果对不同年龄发育异常结局预测的灵敏度较低(8.82%~18.60%),特异度较高(＞95%)。结论 GMs评估在预测婴幼儿后期神经、运动发育情况存在局限性,不可取代后续的各类发育评估与监测。